Patti Cotton

Do You Have a Social Loafer on Your Team?

September 23, 2020 By Patti Cotton Leave a Comment

You’ve hired some great talent. Most of them are meeting the challenge of this year’s disruptions.

They pushed past the overwhelm and pulled together to move forward.

But their performance still isn’t what you know it could be.

You also have one team member who seems to have slowed down. He isn’t putting in as much effort as he did in times past.

Do you have a social loafer on your team? If so, this may be the very reason your team isn’t performing to capacity.

Social loafing is a phenomenon that occurs in groups asked to pool their efforts to meet a common goal. Interestingly, individuals within the group tend to put forth less effort when this happens.

Researching why this happens first began with Max Ringelmann, a French agricultural engineer.

Ringelmann observed that, although groups collectively outperformed individuals, these groups did not do as well as they could, had the individuals all performed to their individual capacity. In other words, individuals measured at one level of performance when working by themselves would reduce their productivity when they were placed in a group. For more on this, see Ringelmann’s Rope-Pulling Experiment.

How might this play out on your team? And what can you do about it?

Here are a few examples of social loafing I have encountered as I work with teams to elevate their performance.

1. Low expectations of team performance.

Susan had been a high performer and eager to make a difference. But I was called in to support her because, over time, her leader had noticed she was showing signs of disengagement.

“I meet deadlines, so what’s the problem?” asked Susan. “In past positions, I always got things done faster and could produce at a higher rate than my fellow team members. Why should I do this, now? And by the way, we are making goal, so I don’t see the problem.”

Susan’s assessment of her team members was faulty. After a deep-dive inquiry, I found that the entire group was made up of high achievers. Moreover, the team’s collective productivity had decreased because of Susan’s decision to slow down. In fact, it actually impacted their ability to meet the stretch goal of launching an additional new product. And at an organizational level, this product would have captured much more market share.

If you are a leader who sees a team member disengaging, act quickly to give them the support and accountability they need in order to thrive. This situation can otherwise greatly impact your organizational health and your ability to outperform your competitors.

2. Evaluation potential.

Mark secretly knew he had overrated his experience in order to get the job. He also knew instinctively that he could meet the requirements if given a chance. But Mark unwittingly overrated his abilities. When I met with Mark’s leader, she was confused.

“The team isn’t working to capacity,” Sharon shared. “I know COVID has thrown a wrench into the works, but we are well beyond the initial crisis state. I’m also noticing something disturbing. The team members work together more than usual on certain projects, which would normally be taken care of by individuals. What’s going on?”

What was happening? Mark was “hiding in the crowd,” and it had impacted the team’s performance. The crisis COVID had created allowed him to huddle with others more frequently and disguise his inability to perform. Whenever his area was tasked with an initiative and something felt out of his element or beyond his grasp, he would partner with one or two others to ask for their ideas. In the beginning, they appreciated the collegiality. But as time progressed, this dynamic prompted them to feel ownership in his area, and they would speak on his behalf or do part of Mark’s work. This dis-empowered Mark in the eyes of others. At the same time, it also affected the performance of those who shouldered with Mark when they should be focusing on their own areas. Were things getting done? Yes. Were the results as they could be? No. Social loafing induced a chronic mediocrity to which people became accustomed, labeling this stress from COVID conditions.

If you are a leader who sees too much teamwork (yes, this is possible!), it’s time to sit together and reassess how things are getting done. And if you have someone who is hiding in the crowd, this will quickly come to light.

3. Low value placed on the goal.

The goal may be attainable, but if your executive doesn’t see it as meaningful or relevant, they will not place their full energy into helping to achieve it.

James had been on the team for a couple of years when his leader, Bob, noticed James seemed disengaged. Further, he waited until the other executives weighed in on a particular decision, and then agreed with the majority, rather than to provide his own perspective. When I urged Bob to sit with James, this was an eye-opener.

“Patti, James wasn’t clear on how the goal related to the larger vision,” Bob shared. “It was as if he lost interest in helping to meet the goal because he couldn’t see the relevance.”

“Bob, you figured it out,” I responded. “James has been a social loafer. And you have pinpointed the problem. But you have a larger challenge, now. At his level, I’d expect James to speak up if he isn’t clear or is feeling disengaged. And he hasn’t done that. He has been coasting along, and you have lost a lot of valuable productivity from him. It will now be important for you to hold James accountable for speaking up when he isn’t clear on directives or a particular goal.”

These are just a handful of reasons that social loafing can occur on a team.

How do you begin to eliminate this so that your team can perform at optimal levels?

- Be sure that, when collective goals are identified, responsibilities for each individual team member’s role in this are distinctive, clearly defined, and well-articulated. Let the team members know they will each be evaluated, not only on the collective outcome, but also for their individual part in it.

- Establish how you will hold your team members accountable and set these expectations with them so you can catch any diminishing performance quickly and course-correct it. And ask yourself what information you need to receive on a regular basis in order to monitor and facilitate progress.

- Identify and quickly intervene when you suspect someone is “hiding in the crowd” or “coasting” for any other reason. Recognize that one person’s compromised performance affects the entire team, whether this is readily visible in the early stages or not.

If your team isn’t working to capacity, it’s your responsibility as leader to make the necessary shifts to rectify this. The difference between good performance and high performance may define your company’s future and its impact.

© Patti Cotton and patticotton.com. All rights reserved. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express written permission from the author is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that attribution is made to Patti Cotton and patticotton.com, with links thereto.

Patti Cotton

Patti Cotton reenergizes talented leaders and their teams to achieve fulfillment and extraordinary results. For more information on how Patti Cotton can help you and your organization, click here.

Leading the Executive Team Post-Crisis

August 12, 2020 By Patti Cotton Leave a Comment

The immediate crisis is over. And although you are still rapidly recovering revenue and rebuilding operations, you now need to bring greater stability to the organization.

Your team’s quick response to meet the crisis is to be celebrated. But the approach will not work well in this next stage of change.

This means your team needs to change the way they operate. And given the different business landscape, the way we used to operate will no longer work.

It’s a different world – and we must work differently together.

So, if you are expecting your team will simply “fall back into place and get back to work,” think again. A lack of intentional rebuilding on your part will result in confusion, misalignment, conflict and a great potential to lose top talent.

Your team must reinvent itself at this point in order to perform effectively.

Where do you begin?

1. Look back to move forward.

Bring closure to this period by celebrating the successes of the team in having moved through the immediate crisis. Set some thoughtful time aside for this and make sure you invite the team to give their input. Talk about what the experience was like for them, what they needed to shift or change in order to get the work done. What did they learn?

2. Chart a purposeful path forward.

Recognize that as a team and organization, you cannot pull back. Much change occurred during the immediate crisis. People were asked to stretch, do differently, products and services were delivered in different ways, much more. As you chart a purposeful path forward, what needs to be examined? Incorporated? Altered?

3. Set the operational pace.

Restate the organizational vision to shift the team lens to the long-term. Then, roll back to the short term, asking what this means – what the focus should be – for the next 3-6-12 months, How can the learnings you discussed be incorporated?

4. Charter how you will operate together from this point.

Articulate who you are as a team. What do you know about your abilities and potential? How can you put this to use, and how will you align and coordinate your decision-making as you set out onto the new landscape together? How will you measure success? Handle critical communications? Accountability?

5. Lead with resolve.

Because uncertainty is now part of the norm, keep your eyes on vision, knowing that strategies and initiatives may change in order to reach it. Consider how you as a team will adopt an explorer’s mindset as part of your culture. Remember how, together, you weathered the last storm and weave this into your group narrative. Use this as a tether in future tough times as a reminder that as a team, you faced the seeming insurmountable and rose victorious.

If you are intentional with these steps as part of your organizational transition, you will reap the benefit of stronger commitment and engagement on the part of your team. Once you do this, encourage each of the team members to replicate this process through the organization with their own teams.

To your success!

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Patti Cotton

Patti Cotton reenergizes talented leaders and their teams to achieve fulfillment and extraordinary results. For more information on how Patti Cotton can help you and your organization, click here.

Does Your Leadership Need More Social Capital?

July 1, 2020 By Patti Cotton Leave a Comment

Do you, as a leader, have the social capital you need to get the job done? Influence with others is paramount to leading.

How can you tell if you have enough? And if not, how do you go about building it?

Sarah, chief operating officer of a hospital, was the newest member of the C-suite. The board had highly recommended her, thinking that her previous experience with change management at another healthcare system would support their vision for growth.

Several months later, however, Sarah had not been able to meet her short-term goals. The rest of the executive team blocked her efforts with every move she made.

Mark, the CEO called me. “It’s as though they are out to get her,” he said. “She has a great plan, and I support that, but the rest of them are stalling her. What do I do?”

“Mark,” I said, “It sounds like she hasn’t taken the time to build up social capital.”

“Social capital?”

“Yes,” I said. “The influence to bring them along. Building relationships with them, developing trust, sharing norms and values so that when she needs something done and you support it, they work with her to accomplish it.”

“Well, great,” Mark said. “I don’t know how she is going to do it, now. One of the board members mentioned this morning that he had supported her candidacy. Evidently, he saw her last week and she updated him. He now thinks the board may have made a mistake in recommending her. Yet she is doing what I’ve asked her to do. Short of pulling power and demanding that everyone comply, what do I do?”

“Here’s the deal, Mark,” I responded. “Power is not as straightforward as you think. If you approach it in that way, Sandra loses all credibility as she hides behind you. And you create resentment on the part of the others – a slippery slope for a team’s commitment to the business.

“Power is complex, Mark. And in this case, it is relational. How Sandra builds her relationships will be key to her success – and to your retaining top talent across the team.”

“Please help, Patti. I can’t afford to lose credibility with my board and my executive team. And I certainly can’t afford to lose top talent. Sandra’s good. I think we just need a leg up.”

Mark then had me attend an executive team meeting, then later introduced me to Sandra, who quietly shared that she felt defeated and ready to quit.

“I guess I jumped in with big plans and didn’t take the time to build relationships, first,” she said.

“You are pretty astute,” I answered. “Watching the dynamics in the executive team meeting was like witnessing a shark frenzy. And you were the bait.”

“In my last position, all I had to do was to video call one of the satellite offices and talk with the director for a few minutes. Their workload might be almost impossible, but we worked well together to shoulder through. It was that way throughout the system.

“I guess I haven’t taken the time to get to know the others. The board gave us a pretty aggressive plan and a tight timeline. I thought the way was paved. But I thought wrong.”

“Let’s talk about what we can do from this point,” I said. “If you are willing, I would like to work with you to turn this around.”

Sandra agreed to give it her all. Then, we got to work.

Six months later, Sandra was on a much different and better footing with her colleagues. And they were on their way to expanding the hospital’s reach as they had needed to do.

What did Sandra do? She learned to apply five things that all leaders must incorporate into their way of leading:

1. Recognize that power is dictated by your interactions with others.

The relationships and alliances you create can be of major support to you when you encounter potential points of resistance. The resources, information, and help you need should be within the circle you forge over time. Important to note is that before people will commit to a stretch demand, they need to trust and know you, and to feel that you have their interests in mind and that you will support them when they need your help. To come to this point, you need to cultivate the relationships carefully, hearing of their interests and needs, and seeing how you can help them.

2. Assess the landscape before you dive in to make big changes.

Look at your long-term goals and objectives, your short-term wins, and any other priorities you have been handed. Who are key stakeholders in the areas that will be touched by the changes you need to make? Who is likely to resist? And why? If you can map out the web of those potentially affected by your efforts, you can then put together a plan to start bringing them along. And it’s true that we “don’t know what we don’t know.” As you begin speaking with those you feel will be affected, as them who else you should include in conversation around the topic. You can quickly build your networks in this way.

3. Gather insights from your stakeholders and invite them to help you co-create solutions.

Respect the history and perspective that others bring and remember that co-creation means that the parties involved will have more buy-in and support you to much greater extent. This will also help you to leverage relationships with others, as you will have advocates “in the field.”

4. Build your power network with intention.

Map out your network, identifying your dependencies both inside and outside the organization. Decide to systematically strengthen these relationships according to those upon whom you rely, those who rely upon you, and who controls various resources and support.

5. Take time for reciprocity.

How can you create value for those who are in your network? Can you connect them with others to help them realize their goals? Can you serve as a co-creator, even if you don’t have a stake in the initiative, but can lend brain trust? Decide what you can do to bring value to your relationships and do this systematically. As transactional as it seems, a spreadsheet to track your power network and the touches that you make with them to build social capital can serve extremely well.

How can you begin to build your own social capital to get things done? Or to strengthen one that has served you to this point? Personal power – influence – is key to leading effectively. Take time to fortify your power network to help you move effectively into the future.

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Patti Cotton reenergizes talented leaders and their teams to achieve fulfillment and extraordinary results. For more information on how Patti Cotton can help you and your organization, click here.

Why You are Responsible for Your Team’s Performance

June 17, 2020 By Patti Cotton Leave a Comment

Many is a time when I have heard a leader say, “I just can’t get that executive to do the job I hired them to do!”

If you find you continue to complain about the performance of one or more of your own executive team members, it’s time to look in the mirror for the answer.

Because the key lies in one of three areas that you own.

You are responsible for setting the direction.

Jim, president of a large financial services organization, was frustrated.

“We are a tired company, Patti,” Jim told me. “And it really shows up in the executive team.”

“Tell me more, Jim,” I said. “What are you seeing on the team that tells you they are tired?”

“Samantha isn’t staying on top of the performance of her department. She keeps telling me that they are doing the best they can. Marc doesn’t meet deadlines anymore. He says his workload is heavy and that we need to reevaluate – or get him an assistant. I don’t know. It seems like people are distracted and disengaged.”

“So, when was the last time that you called a meeting to review your vision and direction?”

“Patti, we do strategic planning with the board every year,” Jim answered. “It’s not like we aren’t on top of where we need to be in 3-5 years.”

“That’s a great start,” I said. “But what do you do from there? I’m thinking your team may have lost their sense of purpose. By what you describe, the direction is either not exciting enough, or they don’t see how it relates to their work.”

“I don’t understand,” said Jim.

“Well, you may have a strategic plan, but your team needs to understand how this will make impact on your community, on the world. And then, they need to understand how their part in this plan will contribute to that success. Otherwise, you will have a group of people who will not recognize the relevance of their work to the bigger picture. You’ll wind up with a bunch of executives that have lost their purpose.”

Jim and I met with the team for some discussions and it did indeed become clear that they needed to reanimate their sense of purpose. Over the following days, we worked to do this and came away with a stellar action plan for the next 12 months that excited and inspired the team.

Some months later it was good to see that this had helped reignite the team. The organization went on to capture additional market share, which motivated the team to author an aggressive growth plan.

As a leader, be sure you are setting direction for your team and helping them to see the relevancy of their roles and responsibilities to this larger picture.

You are responsible for determining the norms.

Team norms are the rules or operating principles that shape team members’ interaction. It’s the agreed-upon way that team relates, gets the work done, and what team members can expect of one another.

Doug called me after their company had just lost a huge government contract.

“I don’t know what’s wrong with this team,” he said. “We are making poor decisions because we get into the weed so quickly. I get cut off at the pass when I mention a new idea. These are talented people – but we need to do something different or we will keep losing contracts with this kind of mess.”

“Doug, it sounds like you could benefit from determining a better process for making decisions – an agreement on the way you go about this. We would call that a team norm around decision-making.”

“I don’t care what you call it,” Doug shot back. “I just need for them to be open-minded about new ideas.”

“Go on,” I responded. “What else?”

“Well, I’d like for them to stay in the conversation at a strategic level until we agree on a direction. We can get into the tactics and details after that.”

“You just described two team norms around decision-making,” I answered. “Sounds like we need to have a meeting with your executives.”

We actually worked with the executives all morning to identify several key team norms. Decision-making was first, and it seemed to be welcome. But we then hit a major nerve around trust. We spent a couple of hours on this, determining what the team members needed in order to trust each other at a greater level. Not surprising – this is where I spend a lot of my time when rebuilding or reigniting team. We dealt with things like holding confidences, listening to understand, managing conflict, and more.

The morning was emotional but rewarding. The task was then to incorporate these norms or behaviors, which was something we worked on over the ensuing months.

Doug called me the year following to report that they had increased their revenue significantly due to the team’s new ability to innovate and their heightened trust.

“I didn’t know trust had an ROI,” he joked. “But I am a believer, now!”

As a leader, it’s your job to lead identifying and integrating norms for your team.

You are responsible for holding your team members accountable.

Diane reached out to me when she was ready to terminate two executives.

“I’ve had it, Patti,” she said. “They are at each other all the time. It’s not always apparent, because they are passive-aggressive. But they undermine each other in subtle ways, and actively try to downplay each other’s part in our success. The problem is, they are both so talented. And it’s hard to retain great talent.”

“You are right, Diane,” I said. “Finding and retaining top talent is challenging. And you are looking at many costs – overt and hidden – to the company, if you have to terminate them.”

“They wear me out,” said Diane. “I’m embarrassed to tell you that I’ve lately begun to tune them out whenever one of them begins to speak. I’m sure it shows.”

“Well, let’s talk about what we can do,” I responded. “When was the last time you held them accountable for their actions?”

“I met with them separately about 6 months ago and told them flat out that I expected them to get along.”

“Did that work?” I asked.

“No,” Diane answered. “It calmed down for a bit, then began to flare back up about 6 weeks ago.”

“So what did you do when that happened?” I asked.

“Frankly, I ignored it. I was so frustrated that I just didn’t want to think about it.”

“Diane, I know it’s frustrating. In fact, you must be pretty upset by now. If you think about it, their misconduct requiring your focused attention has cost the team an inordinate amount of revenue.”

“What?” she queried.

“Well, yes,” I answered. “Think about the cost of their conflict – of not doing their jobs properly, of having their teams feel the effects of this, and of your having to devote energy to the problem. Conflict has already cost your company wasted time, motivation, and I’m guessing that turnover in their respective areas might be headed upward.”

“So what do I do, Patti?” she asked.

“You own this, Diane. You confront it. The cost of allowing their misconduct has already decreased your company’s productivity and revenue. You hold them accountable.”

Diane admitted that she didn’t like confrontation, but she also realized that it was time to take things in hand.

The result was that one executive decided to leave. The other stayed on and Diane worked with him until he had shifted his behaviors to be supportive and positive of team contributions.

As a leader, you are responsible for holding your people accountable.

Is your team under-performing?

If your team is under-performing, it is probably due to one of these three areas. I invite you to make these areas part of your team discussions to discover your own growth opportunities.

HOW MUCH

DO OTHERS REALLY TRUST YOU?

Learn the two vital parts to trust and how they can help you become a more highly effective leader.

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Patti Cotton

Patti Cotton reenergizes talented leaders and their teams to achieve fulfillment and extraordinary results. For more information on how Patti Cotton can help you and your organization, click here.

Keeping Your Team Energized in a Fast-Changing Environment

June 10, 2020 By Patti Cotton Leave a Comment

You don’t know how powerful your executive team truly is until they are put to the test in extreme conditions.

It doesn’t take a single event to create this kind of scenario. We are in now in a fast-changing environment full of twists and turns that keeps conditions extreme.

How do you keep your team energized and engaged so that you can flex and pivot with ease?

Help normalize fear.

“My CFO has checked out,” Sam said. “As hard as it is to think about, I feel it’s time to replace him.”

“Mark has been with you for years,” I said. “What are you experiencing that makes you think you need to replace him now?”

“He doesn’t speak up in meetings. He holes up in his office. The other execs are asking if something is wrong with him,” said Sam. “The last thing I need is to drag him around by my ankle.”

“Sam, Mark has shouldered many changes with you in this business,” I offered. “Don’t you owe it to him to have a deeper, thoughtful conversation about what you are seeing, rather than to just chalk it up to disengagement?”

Sam did talk with Mark. And here’s what he found: Mark was afraid. He admitted that in light of the pandemic and its effect on the marketplace, he felt “frozen in place.” It was hard to think, to make decisions. Mark was feeling alone and paralyzed.

Later, Sam recounted, “And here is what I told Mark: Mark, I’m here. Yes, this is crazy and we don’t have a roadmap. I’m so sorry you have felt alone with this. Why don’t we meet for the next few mornings and talk through where we think we need to pick up in your area of responsibility?”

“Sam, you gave Mark a great gift,” I responded. “These are unprecedented times. Having you recognize where he is, that it’s okay to feel that way, and that you will be on hand to work through this with him.”

“Well, Patti, thank you,” Sam said. “Truthfully, I should have thought to talk with him much sooner. Guess I was wrapped up in my own stuff. And really, to replace Mark would have been challenging for so many reasons – and evidently, unnecessary.”

Ferret out denial.

Cindy recognized that Jim had been making excuses for many weeks, now. He was missing key deadlines and behind on other projects. Each time she confronted him, he chalked it up to the pandemic and unforeseen developments. I urged Cindy to inquire as to what he was working on since he was held up in these areas.

“Patti, I found out that Jim has been focusing on a couple of initiatives that are really back-burner for us,” she reported later. “And when I asked him how he thought this might help us get ahead, he couldn’t answer me. Seems he has been keeping himself busy on things that really don’t matter. And I have just discovered that there are several things he could have been working on that would have helped us at this time. Now what?”

“Cindy, it’s not unusual to go into denial about things when the going gets tough,” I answered. “Jim appears more comfortable focusing on easier initiatives.”

Cindy went back to Jim and had a pointed, but supportive conversation about priorities. She asked him if he had what he needed in order to move forward. After reviewing things with her, Jim sheepishly admitted that he did.

“We’ve agreed to meet a couple of times weekly until we feel things are firmly on track,” Cindy shared. “I’m not sure why this happened.”

“Cindy, when crisis occurs, the stress can be great. Going into denial by carrying on ‘business as usual’ feels comfortable. Unfortunately, it doesn’t meet the company needs. At the same time, when events such as this pandemic take place, it’s important to huddle a bit more closely and offer support – more than usual. You have a good executive in Jim. And it sounds like you have figured out how to get him moving.”

Identify roadblocks to learning.

“I can’t wait till things get back to normal,” the CEO said. “I’m having a tough time making decisions that work for the current crisis.”

“May I suggest that you may have to acquire some flex in the way you are making decisions,” I countered. “I promise you that we are headed into new territory and that we are not turning back.”

When Harrah’s Entertainment CEO Gary Loveman talks about the difficulty successful executives face in learning, he often quotes from a 1991 Harvard Business Review article by Chris Argyris: “Because many professionals are almost always successful at what they do, they rarely experience failure. And because they have rarely failed, they have never learned how to learn from failure.”

Learning new ways to do business in order to respond to changing conditions is necessary. Yet many top executives feel that “once we get over this hump,” that things will fall back to normal. Untrue.

We are already seeing changing customer demands, rapid transitions in the workforce and how it operates, shifting regulations, and more. All this requires that we learn how to do business differently.

The question is not therefore, “When will things get back to normal so that we can breathe easily?” Instead, it is, “What are we learning from this and what skills and abilities do we need to acquire in order to meet the ‘next normal’?”

Where do you need to grow in order to meet the next normal and thrive?

Patti Cotton

Patti Cotton reenergizes talented leaders and their teams to achieve fulfillment and extraordinary results. For more information on how Patti Cotton can help you and your organization, click here.